STM32L5 have 512 Kbytes of Flash memory with dual bank architecture.
STM32L5 flash is quite similar to L4 flash, mainly register names
and offsets and some bits are changed.
NON-SECURE flash is located at 0x8000000 like L4 devices, so no
big change is needed (secure flash will be subject of another change).
Note: flash driver name is set stm32l5x, in order to extend the commands
with specific L5 commands (to manage TZEN for example ...)
Note: this works only when TZEN=0
Change-Id: Ie758abb4aa19a3f29eeb0702d7dcb43992e4c639
Signed-off-by: Michael Jung <mijung@gmx.net>
Signed-off-by: Tarek BOCHKATI <tarek.bouchkati@gmail.com>
Reviewed-on: http://openocd.zylin.com/5510
Tested-by: jenkins
Reviewed-by: Antonio Borneo <borneo.antonio@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Tomas Vanek <vanekt@fbl.cz>
Use the board file name as <company>_<name>.cfg
Add the SPDX tag to workaround an error in checkpatch that fails
to recognize as valid a patch that only changes a file name.
Change-Id: I929cd9e5f9fe2e7386950643487534c9a5a05bc6
Signed-off-by: Antonio Borneo <borneo.antonio@gmail.com>
Fixes: e44539d66c ("Flash, FRAM and EEPROM driver for STM32 QUAD-/OCTOSPI interface")
Reviewed-on: http://openocd.zylin.com/5931
Reviewed-by: Tarek BOCHKATI <tarek.bouchkati@gmail.com>
Tested-by: jenkins
- write speed up to 150 kByte/s on STM32F469I-disco (due to
SWD clock and USB connection), up to 1 MByte/s on Nucleo-F767ZI
with external STLink-V3 or Nucleo-G474RE with two W25Q256FV in
dual 4-line mode or STM32H73BI-Disco in octal mode
- tested with STM32L476G-disco (64MBit flash, 3-byte addr),
STM32F412G-Disco, STM32F469I-Disco, STM32F746G-Disco, and
STM32L476G-Disco (all 128Mbit flash, 3-byte addr),
STM32F723E-Disco, STM32F769I-Disco (512Mbit flash, 4-byte addr)
STM32L4R9I-Disco, STM32L4P5G-Disco (512MBit octo-flash, DTR, 4-byte addr)
STM32H745I-Disco, STM32H747I-Disco (two 512MBit flash, 4-byte addr)
STM32H73BI-Disco, STM32H735G-Disco (512MBit octo-flash, DTR, 4-byte addr)
- suitable cfg for Discovery boards included
- limited parsing of SFDP data if flash device not hardcoded
(tested only in single/quad mode as most devices either don't
support SFDP at all or have empty(!) SFDP memory)
- 'set' command for auto detection override (e. g. for EEPROMs)
- 'cmd' command for arbitrary SPI commands (reconfiguration, testing etc.)
- makefile for creation of binary loader files
- tcl/board/stm32f469discovery.cfg superseded by stm32f469i-disco.cfg
- tcl/board/stm32f7discovery.cfg removed as name is ambiguous
(superseded by stm32f746g-disco.cfg vs. stm32f769i-disco.cfg)
- dual 4-line mode tested on Nucleo-F767ZI, Nucleo-H743ZI and Nucleo-H7A3ZI-Q
with two W25Q256FV, and on Nucleo-L496ZP-P and Nucleo-L4R5ZI
with two W25Q128FV, sample cfg files included and on STM32H745I-Disco,
STM32H747I-Disco, STM32H750B-Disco
- read/verify/erase_check uses indirect read mode to work around silicon bug in
H7, L4+ and MP1 memory mapped mode (last bytes not readable, accessing last
bytes causes debug interface to hang)
- octospi supported only in single/dual 1-line, 2-line, 4-line
and single 8-line modes, (not in hyper flash mode)
Requirements:
GPIOs must be initialized appropriately, and SPI flash chip be configured
appropriately (1-line ..., QPI, 4-byte addresses ...). This is board/chip
specific, cf. included cfg files. The driver infers most parameters from
current setting in CR, CCR, ... registers.
Change-Id: I54858fbbe8758c3a5fe58812e93f5f39514704f8
Signed-off-by: Andreas Bolsch <hyphen0break@gmail.com>
Reviewed-on: http://openocd.zylin.com/4321
Tested-by: jenkins
Reviewed-by: Tarek BOCHKATI <tarek.bouchkati@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Tomas Vanek <vanekt@fbl.cz>
Reviewed-by: Christopher Head <chead@zaber.com>
In commit a1ce28b118 ("rename some target scripts to be
consistent with the rest") the following renames was applied, but
the old names are still referenced:
tcl/target/{sam7se512.cfg => at91sam7se512.cfg}
tcl/target/{sam7x256.cfg => at91sam7x256.cfg}
Fix the board files to use to correct target config filename.
Change-Id: I7698aa0da7db95c2bd9ba7ab8c260905a975c857
Signed-off-by: Antonio Borneo <borneo.antonio@gmail.com>
Reviewed-on: http://openocd.zylin.com/5888
Reviewed-by: Tomas Vanek <vanekt@fbl.cz>
Tested-by: jenkins
When OpenOCD is installed to the host the 'tcl' folder gets
usually installed in /usr/share/openocd/, thus having 'tcl' as
prefix of the target's file causes 'find' to fail.
Remove the 'tcl' folder prefix.
Change-Id: I3dc484c8de6af8f5aae4dd1b230522ee47ae2ba6
Signed-off-by: Antonio Borneo <borneo.antonio@gmail.com>
Reviewed-on: http://openocd.zylin.com/5887
Reviewed-by: Tomas Vanek <vanekt@fbl.cz>
Tested-by: jenkins
This is a) broken and b) doesn't include anything other than the
(broken) target alias. Don't see any reason for it to exist.
Change-Id: I833635eeac392bf7c0c39f51ff2f76525ba2d406
Signed-off-by: Karl Palsson <karlp@tweak.net.au>
Reviewed-on: http://openocd.zylin.com/5884
Reviewed-by: Tarek BOCHKATI <tarek.bouchkati@gmail.com>
Tested-by: jenkins
Reviewed-by: Antonio Borneo <borneo.antonio@gmail.com>
st_nucleo_l1.cfg is based on STM32L152RET6 which support
dualbank flash.
Change-Id: I7ecdb7b7557229465e23eed667f20cd84197dfc7
Signed-off-by: Alexandre Bourdiol <alexandre.bourdiol@st.com>
Reviewed-on: http://openocd.zylin.com/5829
Tested-by: jenkins
Reviewed-by: Tarek BOCHKATI <tarek.bouchkati@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Antonio Borneo <borneo.antonio@gmail.com>
The "Corvette-F1" is an Arduino-compatible evaluation platform,
which fully supports AndesCore. The board has FTDI FT2232 to
connected to FPGA's JTAG interface.
The "ADP-XC7KFF676" is a development and prototyping board that
provides capacity for evaluation of AndesCore processors.
It works with AICE in-circuit debugging tools.
This patch also include target/nds32v5.cfg to support AndesCore
N22/N25F and AndeShape Platform AE250.
Change-Id: I144d5063d5086d00ec44634a5028b5ea5d2eba33
Signed-off-by: Hellosun Wu <wujiheng.tw@gmail.com>
Reviewed-on: http://openocd.zylin.com/5338
Tested-by: jenkins
Reviewed-by: Antonio Borneo <borneo.antonio@gmail.com>
With this commit we add tcl configure files
for ARCv2 HS Development kit(HSDK). HSDK board
has Quad-core ARC HS38 CPU with L1 and L2
caches.
Change-Id: I372ef45428c7c7ca1421a6da3e5ed08b86f705e0
Signed-off-by: Evgeniy Didin <didin@synopsys.com>
Reviewed-on: http://openocd.zylin.com/5784
Tested-by: jenkins
Reviewed-by: Antonio Borneo <borneo.antonio@gmail.com>
The new filename has a proper vendor prefix. Keep the old
configuration file for now but show a "deprecated" warning
at runtime.
Change-Id: If7465a752f47f3292e430c8b311148badfd384cd
Signed-off-by: Marc Schink <dev@zapb.de>
Reviewed-on: http://openocd.zylin.com/5478
Tested-by: jenkins
Reviewed-by: Karl Palsson <karlp@tweak.net.au>
Reviewed-by: Antonio Borneo <borneo.antonio@gmail.com>
The new filename has a proper vendor prefix. Keep the old
configuration file for now but show a "deprecated" warning
at runtime.
Change-Id: I13871ec13709055843e23b1b6da90694fd60505e
Signed-off-by: Marc Schink <dev@zapb.de>
Reviewed-on: http://openocd.zylin.com/5477
Tested-by: jenkins
Reviewed-by: Karl Palsson <karlp@tweak.net.au>
Reviewed-by: Antonio Borneo <borneo.antonio@gmail.com>
The new filename has a proper vendor prefix. Keep the old
configuration file for now but show a "deprecated" warning
at runtime.
Change-Id: I30fcb8f291d401acaa1fe665db0eeabc250d24b6
Signed-off-by: Marc Schink <dev@zapb.de>
Reviewed-on: http://openocd.zylin.com/5476
Tested-by: jenkins
Reviewed-by: Tarek BOCHKATI <tarek.bouchkati@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Antonio Borneo <borneo.antonio@gmail.com>
The transport SWIM is selected twice, in board and in target, thus
a warning is generated at run-time. It should be fixed by remove a
line in the target file, but does not harm so let's keep it there
for the time being.
Change-Id: I479004dc16005a330d552c8dbd5def61690f9b9f
Signed-off-by: Antonio Borneo <borneo.antonio@gmail.com>
Reviewed-on: http://openocd.zylin.com/5543
Tested-by: jenkins
The script checkpatch available in new Linux kernel offers an
experimental feature for automatically fix the code in place.
While still experimental, the feature works quite well for simple
fixes, like spacing.
This patch has been created automatically with the script under
review for inclusion in OpenOCD, using the command:
find tcl/ -type f -exec ./tools/scripts/checkpatch.pl \
-q --types TRAILING_WHITESPACE --fix-inplace -f {} \;
The patch only changes amount and position of whitespace, thus
the following commands show empty diff
git diff -w
git log -w -p
git log -w --stat
Change-Id: Ie7e3a236f4db9c70019e3b3c7e851edbd3a9dd84
Signed-off-by: Antonio Borneo <borneo.antonio@gmail.com>
Reviewed-on: http://openocd.zylin.com/5616
Reviewed-by: Andreas Fritiofson <andreas.fritiofson@gmail.com>
Tested-by: jenkins
Identified by checkpatch script from Linux kernel v5.7-rc1 using
the command
find tcl/ -type f -exec ./tools/scripts/checkpatch.pl \
-q --types TYPO_SPELLING --strict -f {} \;
Change-Id: I7b523f0ab5ec047ff167742a44c29984ac672cf4
Signed-off-by: Antonio Borneo <borneo.antonio@gmail.com>
Reviewed-on: http://openocd.zylin.com/5615
Reviewed-by: Andreas Fritiofson <andreas.fritiofson@gmail.com>
Tested-by: jenkins
Empty lines at end of text files are useless.
Remove them.
Change-Id: I503cb0a96c7ccb132f4486c206a48831121d7abd
Signed-off-by: Antonio Borneo <borneo.antonio@gmail.com>
Reviewed-on: http://openocd.zylin.com/5171
Tested-by: jenkins
This commits adds debugging support for the Mellanox BlueField
SoC via rshim, which is an interface accessible from external USB
or PCIe (for SmartNIC case) via the rshim driver. It implements
the arm dap interfaces based on the existing dapdirect framework.
Change-Id: I18eb1c54293ec2c581f853e0e55b3f96d7978b56
Signed-off-by: Liming Sun <lsun@mellanox.com>
Reviewed-on: http://openocd.zylin.com/5457
Tested-by: jenkins
Reviewed-by: Antonio Borneo <borneo.antonio@gmail.com>
Drop bogus reference to board/renesas_gen2_common.cfg , which is a
non-existing file.
Fixes: a01474bb4c ("tcl/target: Switch Renesas R-Car Gen2 boards to new config")
Change-Id: Icb22d8456b7ac94d3a9a4ed354b246ee1332b122
Signed-off-by: Marek Vasut <marek.vasut@gmail.com>
Reviewed-on: http://openocd.zylin.com/5564
Tested-by: jenkins
Reviewed-by: Oleksij Rempel <linux@rempel-privat.de>
The stm32mp15x has one or two Cortex-A7 (depending on the P/N) and
one Cortex-M4.
The second core is automatically detected by the target script.
In "engineering boot" all the cores are accessible.
In "production boot" the Cortex-M4 is kept in reset state after
power-on or NRST.
The board DK2 includes a ST-Link/V2, but only SWD is connected.
Change-Id: Ib6ebefcc696b1716e0f98694cadf0b04fd7d11d6
Signed-off-by: Antonio Borneo <borneo.antonio@gmail.com>
Reviewed-on: http://openocd.zylin.com/5454
Tested-by: jenkins
Reviewed-by: Oleksij Rempel <linux@rempel-privat.de>
With this commit we add tcl files which describes
ARCv2 architecture features and configure files
for ARCv2 EMSK board.
Changes since v1:
-Moved from http://openocd.zylin.com/#/c/5332/4
into separate commit.
Changes:
22.01.2020:
-Removed "actionpoints" handling code in
tcl/cpu/arc/v2.tcl because this capability
is not supported yet.
Changes:
17.03.2020:
-Update Licence headers
-Cleanup indents
-Removed "reset halt" in boards .tcl
-Updated adapter frequency commands
Changes:
15.03.2020:
-Removed "init" in the of boards .tcl
Change-Id: I51bf620abe7b8e046e1dccc861a7d963965d3a42
Signed-off-by: Evgeniy Didin <didin@synopsys.com>
Cc: Alexey Brodkin <abrodkin@synopsys.com>
Reviewed-on: http://openocd.zylin.com/5350
Tested-by: jenkins
Reviewed-by: Oleksij Rempel <linux@rempel-privat.de>
On CC32xx family of devices, sysrequest is disabled, and
vectreset is blocked by the boot loader (stops in a while(1)
statement). srst reset can leave the target in a state
that prevents debug.
This change enables using vectreset on SF variants by
moving the PC to the start of the user application in
internal flash. This allows for a more reliable reset,
but with two caveats:
1) This only works for the SF variant with internal
flash.
2) This only resets the CPU and not any peripherals.
Tested on CC3220SF rev B Launchpad in both SWD and
JTAG modes. Confirmed proper behavior of reset,
reset init, reset halt, and reset run commands.
Update: reworked per comment in code review. Re-tested
with CC3220SF Launchpad as both CC3220SF and as
CC32xx board to confirm reset behavior as expected.
Update: Added adapter srst delay 1100 line to the
CC3200 LaunchXL configuration file.
Change-Id: Ibc042d785c846c2223ae55b8f2410b75ed2df354
Signed-off-by: Edward Fewell <efewell@ti.com>
Reviewed-on: http://openocd.zylin.com/5489
Tested-by: jenkins
Reviewed-by: Antonio Borneo <borneo.antonio@gmail.com>
Starting with XDS110 firmware version 3.0.0.0, the peak TCK
frequency became 14,000 kHz. So the delay count calculation
in the current driver has been updated to use the new
formula for setting the TCK speed depending on which version
of the firmware is detected. And because of the changes, the
default TCK settings for the XDS110 based Launchpads can be
adjusted to take advantage of the higher TCK performance.
Note that the values used have been determined through
testing in the automated test labs to be the highest TCK
frequency with the XDS110 that are still reliable.
Different boards have a different peak TCK setting that
should be safe.
Change-Id: I4d66e90d8fac8272641ba4db4a3a510e3b444d86
Signed-off-by: Edward Fewell <efewell@ti.com>
Reviewed-on: http://openocd.zylin.com/5493
Tested-by: jenkins
Reviewed-by: Antonio Borneo <borneo.antonio@gmail.com>
Both Gen2 and Gen3 used the same init_reset{} implementation,
pull it into common file and include it from both generations.
Moreover, this behavior is SoC specific, not board specific,
so move the common init_reset into target/ directory.
Change-Id: I5489a4bff9a786da8cb7fd7a515b0c9ce9dc16e3
Signed-off-by: Marek Vasut <marek.vasut@gmail.com>
Reviewed-on: http://openocd.zylin.com/5400
Tested-by: jenkins
Reviewed-by: Oleksij Rempel <linux@rempel-privat.de>
Switch Renesas R-Car Gen2 boards which are currently supported from
the old ad-hoc SoC configuration to the new unified configuration.
Change-Id: I8a67bceb3ae92d840ae4dbac20868c75e83f7d58
Signed-off-by: Marek Vasut <marek.vasut@gmail.com>
Reviewed-on: http://openocd.zylin.com/5398
Tested-by: jenkins
Reviewed-by: Oleksij Rempel <linux@rempel-privat.de>
Some text file is missing newline at EOF.
Add it.
Change-Id: Ieebc790096f40961283c644642e56fde975e957f
Signed-off-by: Antonio Borneo <borneo.antonio@gmail.com>
Reviewed-on: http://openocd.zylin.com/5167
Tested-by: jenkins
Board includes an internal adapter (interface/ftdi/imx8mp-evk.cfg) and a
standard external ARM-10 connector.
Change-Id: Ibb301011665b1edfb95be1213d8100143f6839dd
Signed-off-by: Leonard Crestez <leonard.crestez@nxp.com>
Reviewed-on: http://openocd.zylin.com/5427
Tested-by: jenkins
Reviewed-by: Tomas Vanek <vanekt@fbl.cz>
Change-Id: Ib452435b13c3cb8d14453d983151936238b9601d
Signed-off-by: Marc Schink <dev@zapb.de>
Reviewed-on: http://openocd.zylin.com/5419
Reviewed-by: Paul Fertser <fercerpav@gmail.com>
Tested-by: Paul Fertser <fercerpav@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Antonio Borneo <borneo.antonio@gmail.com>
Some script have been added or modified after the patches for
reworking the adapter commands were pushed in gerrit.
Such scripts use the old command syntax and trigger a "deprecated"
warning at runtime.
Fix them with the same sed commands used for the other scripts:
sed -i 's/^interface /adapter driver /' $(find tcl/ -type f)
sed -i 's/adapter_khz/adapter speed/g' $(find tcl/ -type f)
sed -i 's/adapter_nsrst_delay/adapter srst delay/g' $(find tcl/ -type f)
sed -i 's/adapter_nsrst_assert_width/adapter srst pulse_width/g' $(find tcl/ -type f)
Change-Id: I0824d6c506a9af3eb9129b74c02a92b4eb1b100d
Signed-off-by: Antonio Borneo <borneo.antonio@gmail.com>
Reviewed-on: http://openocd.zylin.com/5424
Reviewed-by: Oleksij Rempel <linux@rempel-privat.de>
Tested-by: jenkins
Avoid annoying "deprecated" messages in the scripts
distributed with OpenOCD code.
Change-Id: I82d27cd420db30f0653efbd286a627ef56a8c1fd
Signed-off-by: Antonio Borneo <borneo.antonio@gmail.com>
Reviewed-on: http://openocd.zylin.com/5287
Tested-by: jenkins
Reviewed-by: Tomas Vanek <vanekt@fbl.cz>
STM32H7x7 and STM32H7x5 devices contains two cores : CM7 + CM4
The second core creation is only done when
* DUAL_CORE variable is set to true
* non HLA interface is used
A second check for the second core existence is done in cpu1 examine-end
Once the second core is detected it gets examined.
Furthermore, the script provides a configurable CTI usage in order to halt
the cores simultaneously.
Tested on Rev X and V devices.
PS: the indentation was a mix of spaces and tabs, all changed to tabs.
Change-Id: Iad9c30826965ddb9be5dee628bc2e63f953bbcb8
Signed-off-by: Tarek BOCHKATI <tarek.bouchkati@gmail.com>
Reviewed-on: http://openocd.zylin.com/5130
Tested-by: jenkins
Reviewed-by: Tomas Vanek <vanekt@fbl.cz>
This patch adds configuration files for ARM CoreLink SSE-200 SoCs. Also
adds configuration file for SSE-200 based Musca A board. Flash programming
support for Musca A QSPI flash is still not functional. This configuration
will be updated once that support lands into OpenOCD.
Please refer to ARM documentation for more information about SSE-200 and
Musca A.
Change-Id: Id3783c34d6e2609d659ef91c0bf7252c39439874
Signed-off-by: Omair Javaid <omair.javaid@linaro.org>
Reviewed-on: http://openocd.zylin.com/5006
Tested-by: jenkins
Reviewed-by: Matthias Welwarsky <matthias@welwarsky.de>
Add configuration for the Renesas RZ/A1H GR-Peach board,
which is a cheap development kit for the RZ/A1H SoC.
Change-Id: I7f5596ae47e6dff8e6d06cffd4dddca20f57d0ca
Signed-off-by: Marek Vasut <marek.vasut@gmail.com>
Reviewed-on: http://openocd.zylin.com/5142
Tested-by: jenkins
Reviewed-by: Matthias Welwarsky <matthias@welwarsky.de>
Add a config to access the Amazon Kindle Model No. D00701 and D00801.
Both ebook readers are based on a Freescale i.MX31. A JTAG interface is
included in a 40 pin FFC connector marked "J9" on both variants.
Change-Id: I58bb1ded3d6706bc3798af488ca8bafb7dc45225
Signed-off-by: Alexander Kurz <akurz@blala.de>
Reviewed-on: http://openocd.zylin.com/3956
Tested-by: jenkins
Reviewed-by: Matthias Welwarsky <matthias@welwarsky.de>
The new Microchip (former Atmel) series powered by Cortex-M4 looks
very similar to older M0+ powered SAM D2x at the first sight.
Unfortunately the new series differs a lot in important details.
NVMCTRL has different register addresses, moved important bits
and even changed binary command set. An universal driver for all SAM D/E
would be very complicated. That's why a new driver was derived.
Tested on Microchip SAM E54 Xplained Pro kit (board cfg included).
Adjusted for the restructured dap support.
Checked by valgrind and clang static analyzer.
Change-Id: I26c67047a552076f4b207b9b89285a53d69b4ca4
Signed-off-by: Tomas Vanek <vanekt@fbl.cz>
Reviewed-on: http://openocd.zylin.com/4272
Tested-by: jenkins
Reviewed-by: Andres Vahter <andres.vahter@gmail.com>
The original script was broken by changes to the Cortex-A code. The
recent introduction of the mem_ap target provided a new mechanism to
allow the script to be fixed. This also adds an example board script
for the ADSP-SC584-EZBRD.
Change-Id: I36bc1ac6b6c036539f4175f1e65223ba10a35355
Signed-off-by: Peter Lawrence <majbthrd@gmail.com>
Reviewed-on: http://openocd.zylin.com/4855
Tested-by: jenkins
Reviewed-by: Tomas Vanek <vanekt@fbl.cz>
The xilinx_ultrascale.cfg target is actually the configuration for a
ZynqMP, which is a combination of an UltraScale+ FPGA core and a quad
core A53. Update the filename/comments to reflect this, and include
the tap IDs for all known FPGA cores for this part.
Change-Id: I70dfcc99861a482b83b6a795e83021d9cf1fe047
Signed-off-by: Jonathan McDowell <noodles@earth.li>
Reviewed-on: http://openocd.zylin.com/4850
Tested-by: jenkins
Reviewed-by: Matthias Welwarsky <matthias@welwarsky.de>
Currently it is impossible to flash ELF with correct offsets. The reason
is a bogus offset calculation extracted from base.
Since any other spi drivers do not care about base, do the same for
ath79 as well.
Change-Id: I9e46e01c9e7a709c2d07da9203c634f302603afd
Signed-off-by: Oleksij Rempel <linux@rempel-privat.de>
Reviewed-on: http://openocd.zylin.com/4821
Tested-by: jenkins
Reviewed-by: Tomas Vanek <vanekt@fbl.cz>
original CC3200 launchpad works only with ti-icdi driver
which stopped to work after merging to master commit
d02de3a8a9
Change-Id: I247b5d99831fa744de1fdc5b8a7cffdf49fe953c
Signed-off-by: Jiri Kastner <cz172638@gmail.com>
Reviewed-on: http://openocd.zylin.com/4792
Tested-by: jenkins
Reviewed-by: Spencer Oliver <spen@spen-soft.co.uk>
Since commit bae76053dc
gdb-attach event is defined as halt by default.
Remove useless and in case of bcm281xx wrong definitions of the event.
Change-Id: I8e69780a93722eb9392673303f54d502e71eceb6
Signed-off-by: Tomas Vanek <vanekt@fbl.cz>
Reviewed-on: http://openocd.zylin.com/4763
Tested-by: jenkins
Reviewed-by: Steven Stallion <sstallion@gmail.com>
