Unify common_magic type to unsigned int
Move common_magic to be the first member of the struct
Add unsigned specifier to xxx_COMMON_MAGIC #defines
Change-Id: If961d33232698529514ba3720e04418baf6dc6fe
Signed-off-by: Tomas Vanek <vanekt@fbl.cz>
Reviewed-on: https://review.openocd.org/c/openocd/+/6996
Tested-by: jenkins
Reviewed-by: Antonio Borneo <borneo.antonio@gmail.com>
Replace the FSF boilerplate with the SPDX tag.
The SPDX tag on files *.c is incorrect, as it should use the C99
single line comment using '//'. But current checkpatch doesn't
allow C99 comments, so keep using standard C comments, by now.
Change-Id: I255ad17235ff1e01bf0aa4deed4d944e1d693ddb
Signed-off-by: Antonio Borneo <borneo.antonio@gmail.com>
Reviewed-on: https://review.openocd.org/c/openocd/+/7071
Tested-by: jenkins
There are more than 1000 NULL comparisons to be aligned to the
coding style.
For recurrent NULL comparison it's preferable using trivial
scripts in order to minimize the review effort.
Patch generated automatically with the command:
sed -i PATTERN $(find src/ -type f)
where PATTERN is in the list:
's/(\([a-z][a-z0-9_]*\) == NULL)/(!\1)/g'
's/(\([a-z][a-z0-9_]*->[a-z][a-z0-9_]*\) == NULL)/(!\1)/g'
's/(\([a-z][a-z0-9_]*\.[a-z][a-z0-9_]*\) == NULL)/(!\1)/g'
's/(\([a-z][a-z0-9_]*\) != NULL)/(\1)/g'
's/(\([a-z][a-z0-9_]*->[a-z][a-z0-9_]*\) != NULL)/(\1)/g'
's/(\([a-z][a-z0-9_]*\.[a-z][a-z0-9_]*\) != NULL)/(\1)/g'
's/(NULL == \([a-z][a-z0-9_]*\))/(!\1)/g'
's/(NULL == \([a-z][a-z0-9_]*->[a-z][a-z0-9_]*\))/(!\1)/g'
's/(NULL == \([a-z][a-z0-9_]*\.[a-z][a-z0-9_]*\))/(!\1)/g'
's/(NULL != \([a-z][a-z0-9_]*\))/(\1)/g'
's/(NULL != \([a-z][a-z0-9_]*->[a-z][a-z0-9_]*\))/(\1)/g'
's/(NULL != \([a-z][a-z0-9_]*\.[a-z][a-z0-9_]*\))/(\1)/g'
Change-Id: Ida103e325d6d0600fb69c0b7a1557ee969db4417
Signed-off-by: Antonio Borneo <borneo.antonio@gmail.com>
Reviewed-on: http://openocd.zylin.com/6350
Tested-by: jenkins
No major cross dependencies, mostly changes internal to each
file/function.
Change-Id: I3f0879f0f33c6badc36a0dc60229323978a7e280
Signed-off-by: Antonio Borneo <borneo.antonio@gmail.com>
Reviewed-on: http://openocd.zylin.com/6338
Tested-by: jenkins
Reviewed-by: Oleksij Rempel <linux@rempel-privat.de>
Reviewed-by: Xiang W <wxjstz@126.com>
In target/arm.h the struct arm do contain 3 flags to retain architecture
version for some tweaks.
The proposal is to have only one enumerated flag 'arch' for the same purpose.
Change-Id: Ia5d5accfed8158ca21eb54af2fdea8e36f0266ae
Signed-off-by: Tarek BOCHKATI <tarek.bouchkati@gmail.com>
Reviewed-on: http://openocd.zylin.com/6229
Tested-by: jenkins
Reviewed-by: Antonio Borneo <borneo.antonio@gmail.com>
There is no method to free the register cache, allocated in
armv4_5, so we get a memory leak.
Issue identified by valgrind.
Implement the method arm_free_reg_cache() and call it in cortex_a
deinit and to exit for error during arm_dpm_setup().
Tested on dual cortex-A stm32mp15x.
This change is inspired from similar fix in commit b01b5fe13a
("armv7m: Fix memory leak in register caching.").
The same allocation is also used by target types "arm7tdmi",
"arm9tdmi", "arm11" and "xscale" but they all lack the deinit
method and I do not have relevant HW to test the fix. For such
reasons they are not addressed in this patch.
Change-Id: I4da1e1f12e36ec245d1f3b11a4eafcbd9a1d2e25
Signed-off-by: Antonio Borneo <borneo.antonio@gmail.com>
Reviewed-on: http://openocd.zylin.com/5693
Tested-by: jenkins
Hypervisor mode is present only if the optional virtualization
extensions are available. Moreover, virtualization extensions
require that also security extensions are implemented.
Add the required infrastructure for the shadowed registers in
hypervisor mode.
Make monitor shadowed registers visible in hypervisor mode too.
Make hypervisor shadowed registers visible in hypervisor mode
only.
Check during cortex_a examine if virtualization extensions are
present and then conditionally enable the visibility of both
hypervisor and monitor modes shadowed registers.
Change-Id: I81dbb1ee8baf4c9f1a2226b77c10c8a2a7b34871
Signed-off-by: Antonio Borneo <borneo.antonio@gmail.com>
Reviewed-on: http://openocd.zylin.com/5261
Tested-by: jenkins
The fields core_type and core_mode use the same enum arm_mode
but encode different information, making the code less immediate
to read.
Use a different enum arm_core_type for the field core_type.
The code behavior is not changed.
Change-Id: I60f2095ea6801dfe22f6da81ec295ca71ef90466
Signed-off-by: Antonio Borneo <borneo.antonio@gmail.com>
Reviewed-on: http://openocd.zylin.com/5258
Tested-by: jenkins
GDB can be built for multi-architecture through the command
./configure --enable-targets=all && make
Such multi-architecture GDB requires the target's architecture to
be selected either manually by the user through the GDB command
"set architecture" or automatically by the target description sent
by the remote target (i.e. OpenOCD).
Commit e65acd889c ("gdb_server: add
support for architecture element") already provides the required
infrastructure to support multi-architecture gdb.
aarch64-linux-gnu-gdb 8.2 uses "aarch64" as default architecture,
but also supports the value "aarch64:ilp32" and all the values
supported by arm-none-eabi-gdb.
These values can be displayed on arm gdb prompt by typing
"set architecture " followed by a TAB for autocompletion.
Set the gdb architecture value for aarch64 target to "aarch64".
Change-Id: I63e9769f47d8e73f048eb84fa73e082dd1c8e52c
Signed-off-by: Antonio Borneo <borneo.antonio@gmail.com>
Reviewed-on: http://openocd.zylin.com/4755
Tested-by: jenkins
Reviewed-by: Spencer Oliver <spen@spen-soft.co.uk>
GDB can be built for multi-architecture through the command
./configure --enable-targets=all && make
Such multi-architecture GDB requires the target's architecture to
be selected either manually by the user through the GDB command
"set architecture" or automatically by the target description sent
by the remote target (i.e. OpenOCD).
Commit e65acd889c ("gdb_server: add
support for architecture element") already provides the required
infrastructure to support multi-architecture gdb.
arm-none-eabi-gdb 8.2 uses "arm" as default architecture, but also
supports the following values: "arm_any", "armv2", "armv2a",
"armv3", "armv3m", "armv4", "armv4t", "armv5", "armv5t", "armv5te",
"armv5tej", "armv6", "armv6k", "armv6kz", "armv6-m", "armv6s-m",
"armv6t2", "armv7", "armv7e-m", "armv8-a", "armv8-m.base",
"armv8-m.main", "armv8-r", "ep9312", "iwmmxt", "iwmmxt2", "xscale".
These values can be displayed on arm gdb prompt by typing
"set architecture " followed by a TAB for autocompletion.
Set the gdb architecture value for all arm targets to "arm".
Change-Id: I176cb89878606e1febd546ce26543b3e7849500a
Signed-off-by: Antonio Borneo <borneo.antonio@gmail.com>
Reviewed-on: http://openocd.zylin.com/4754
Tested-by: jenkins
Reviewed-by: Spencer Oliver <spen@spen-soft.co.uk>
In 2016, ARM released the second edition of the semihosting specs
("Semihosting for AArch32 and AArch64"), adding support for 64-bits.
To ease the reuse of the semihosting logic for other platforms
(like RISC-V), the semihosting code was isolated from the ARM
target and updated to the latest specs.
The new code is already in use since January (in GNU MCU Eclipse
OpenOCD) and no problems were reported, neither for ARM nor for
RISC-V targets, after more than 7K downloads.
The 2 new files were formatted with uncrustify.
Change-Id: Ie84dbd86a547323bb8a5d24eab68fc7dad013d96
Signed-off-by: Liviu Ionescu <ilg@livius.net>
Reviewed-on: http://openocd.zylin.com/4518
Tested-by: jenkins
Reviewed-by: Matthias Welwarsky <matthias@welwarsky.de>
'flash erase_check' command runs a check algorithm on a target
if possible. The algorithm is run repeatedly for each flash sector.
Unfortunately every start and stop of the algorithm impose not negligible
overhead.
In practice it means checking is faster than plain read only for
sectors of size approx 4 kByte or bigger. And checking sectors
as short as 512 bytes runs approx 4 times slower than plain read.
The patch changes API call target_blank_check_memory() and related
to take an array of sectors (or arbitrary memory blocks).
Changes in target-specific checking routines are kept minimal.
They use only the first block from the array and process it by
the unchanged algorithm.
default_flash_blank_check() routine repeats target_blank_check_memory()
until all blocks are checked, so it works with both multi-block
and single-block based checkers.
Change-Id: I0e6c60f2d71364c9c07c09416b04de9268807f5e
Signed-off-by: Tomas Vanek <vanekt@fbl.cz>
Reviewed-on: http://openocd.zylin.com/4297
Tested-by: jenkins
Reviewed-by: Andreas Bolsch <hyphen0break@gmail.com>
This patch adds support in openOCD to read/write Arm vector/floating
point registers. This is compatible with Arm vfp v3 target xml in GDB.
Please refer to binutils-gdb/gdb/features/arm/arm-vfpv3.xml
Change-Id: Id4dd1bddef51c558f1a86300c1a876d159463f18
Signed-off-by: Omair Javaid <omair.javaid@linaro.org>
Reviewed-on: http://openocd.zylin.com/4421
Reviewed-by: Matthias Welwarsky <matthias@welwarsky.de>
Tested-by: jenkins
This patch adds support in openOCD to read/write AArch64 SIMD/FP registers.
This patch depends on a previous patch which adds support to generation
of target xml by openOCD with nested architecture defined types. AArch64
SIMD/FP registers assumes various types and to support all types we
implement them as architecture defined type aarch64v which in turn
consists of various architecture defined types. This is compatible with
AArch64-FPU target xml in GDB. Please refer to
binutils-gdb/gdb/features/aarch64-fpu.xml
Change-Id: I7ffb0c21b3c2e08f13720b765408b30aab2a9808
Signed-off-by: Omair Javaid <omair.javaid@linaro.org>
Reviewed-on: http://openocd.zylin.com/4373
Tested-by: jenkins
Reviewed-by: Matthias Welwarsky <matthias@welwarsky.de>
Add "arm semihosting_cmdline [argv0 argv1 ...]" for setting the
command line arguments for the debuggee.
[andreas.fritiofson@gmail.com]: Dynamic allocation, empty default
Change-Id: I831ddd161d602f251940e29608a154e9590fdee1
Signed-off-by: Christian Groessler <chris@groessler.org>
Signed-off-by: Andreas Fritiofson <andreas.fritiofson@gmail.com>
Reviewed-on: http://openocd.zylin.com/3106
Tested-by: jenkins
struct arm_reg::value[] must be 8 byte to hold a 64bit register value.
Change-Id: If253e90731d0ee855eafd9d7b63b91f84630cc7c
Signed-off-by: Matthias Welwarsky <matthias.welwarsky@sysgo.com>
Add or move ARMv8 related dpm function to their own source module
Change-Id: Id93d50be0b8635bd40ddb2a74fe8746ff840d736
Signed-off-by: Matthias Welwarsky <matthias.welwarsky@sysgo.com>
Add new enum ARM_STATE_AARCH64 to the list of possible states.
Change-Id: I3cb2df70f8d5803a63d8374bf3eb75de988e24f8
Signed-off-by: David Ung <david.ung.42@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Matthias Welwarsky <matthias.welwarsky@sysgo.com>
Define a target_addr_t type to support 32-bit and 64-bit addresses at
the same time. Also define matching TARGET_PRI*ADDR format macros as
well as a convenient TARGET_ADDR_FMT.
In targets that are 32-bit (avr32, nds32, arm7/9/11, fm4, xmc1000)
be least invasive by leaving the formatting unchanged apart from the
type;
for generic code adopt TARGET_ADDR_FMT as unified address format.
Don't silently change gdb formatting here, leave that to later.
Add COMMAND_PARSE_ADDRESS() macro to abstract the address type.
Implement it using its own parse_target_addr() function, in the hopes
of catching pointer type mismatches better.
Add '--disable-target64' configure option to revert to previous 32-bit
target address behavior.
Change-Id: I2e91d205862ceb14f94b3e72a7e99ee0373a85d5
Signed-off-by: Dongxue Zhang <elta.era@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: David Ung <david.ung.42@gmail.com>
[AF: Default to enabling (Paul Fertser), rename macros, simplify]
Signed-off-by: Andreas Färber <afaerber@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Matthias Welwarsky <matthias.welwarsky@sysgo.com>
This patch adds support for bridging semihosting to GDB's File-I/O
remote protocol extension. For the most part operations match up 1:1,
however some require a working area to complete successfully, namely
operations that devolve to read, stat, and gettimeofday.
A new command was added to enable support for fileio named `arm
semihosting_fileio`, which ensures that the default behavior remains
intact for those that prefer it.
Finally, redundant logging was removed from the target_arch_state
function; this permits ARM targets to quiesce log output when polling
for a fileio reply. This prevents filling the logs with halt/resume
messages when using semihosting fileio.
Change-Id: Ifbb864fc2373336a501cc0332675b887b552e1ee
Signed-off-by: Steven Stallion <stallion@squareup.com>
Reviewed-on: http://openocd.zylin.com/3566
Tested-by: jenkins
Reviewed-by: Steven Stallion <sstallion@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Paul Fertser <fercerpav@gmail.com>
struct flash_driver has a default_padded_value field that is similar,
but it can be changed by the user for the specific purpose of padding.
Add a new erased_value field and initialize it for all targets,
particularly stm32lx, xmc4xxx and virtual.
Use this value in core.c:default_flash_mem_blank_check(), the slow path.
Extend the target API to pass erased_value down to target code.
Adding an argument ensures that we catch all callers.
This allows us to merge xmc4xxx.c:xmc4xxx_blank_check_memory() into
armv7m:armv7m_blank_check_memory().
It further allows us to use default_flash_blank_check() in place of
xmc4xxx.c:xmc4xxx_flash_blank_check(), adding a potential slow path
fallback, as well as stm32lx:stm32lx_erase_check(), adding the potential
armv7m fast path with fallback to default_flash_mem_blank_check().
Fix a mips32 code comment while at it (zeroed -> erased).
The armv4_5 and mips32 target implementations will now error out if an
erase value other than 0xff is used, causing default_flash_blank_check()
to fall back to the default_flank_mem_blank_check() slow path.
Change-Id: I39323fbbc4b71c256cd567e439896d0245d4745f
Signed-off-by: Andreas Färber <afaerber@suse.de>
Reviewed-on: http://openocd.zylin.com/3497
Tested-by: jenkins
Reviewed-by: Tomas Vanek <vanekt@fbl.cz>
Also make GPL notices consistent according to:
https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-howto.html
Change-Id: I84c9df40a774958a7ed91460c5d931cfab9f45ba
Signed-off-by: Marc Schink <openocd-dev@marcschink.de>
Reviewed-on: http://openocd.zylin.com/3488
Tested-by: jenkins
Reviewed-by: Andreas Färber <afaerber@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Freddie Chopin <freddie.chopin@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Andreas Fritiofson <andreas.fritiofson@gmail.com>
On the ARM PB1176JZF-S the system comes up in secure monitor
mode after reset. However the modebits in CPSR form the value
28 (0x1c) and CPSR is 0x800001dc deeming it UNRECOGNIZED.
Define this mode to be synonymous to mode 22 (MON) and things
start to work like a charm.
Change-Id: I001f7773ee1076202c0c633e466d2d833f7a1413
Cc: Will Deacon <will.deacon@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Walleij <linus.walleij@linaro.org>
Reviewed-on: http://openocd.zylin.com/3196
Tested-by: jenkins
Reviewed-by: Andreas Fritiofson <andreas.fritiofson@gmail.com>
This patch adds the fpv4-sp-d16 registers to the armv7m register set.
The work is inspired by Mathias K but takes a different approach:
instead of having both double and single presicion registers in the
cache this patch works only with the doubles and counts on GDB to
split the data in halves whenever needed.
Tested with HLA only (on an STM32F334 disco board).
Currently this patch makes all ARMv7-M targets report an FPU-enabled
target description to GDB. It shouldn't harm if the user is not trying
to access non-existing FPU. However, the plan is to make this depend
on actual FPU presence later.
Change-Id: Ifcc72c80ef745230c42e4dc3995f792753fc4e7a
Signed-off-by: Mathias K <kesmtp@freenet.de>
[fercerpav@gmail.com: rework to fit target description framework]
Signed-off-by: Paul Fertser <fercerpav@gmail.com>
Reviewed-on: http://openocd.zylin.com/514
Tested-by: jenkins
Reviewed-by: Peter Stuge <peter@stuge.se>
Reviewed-by: Spencer Oliver <spen@spen-soft.co.uk>
Also remove an unrelated no-op cast.
Change-Id: Ibeb6c72e5b0b0347abb568947a05a179661faf2d
Signed-off-by: Andreas Fritiofson <andreas.fritiofson@gmail.com>
Reviewed-on: http://openocd.zylin.com/2473
Reviewed-by: Paul Fertser <fercerpav@gmail.com>
Tested-by: jenkins
According to the "Arm Arch Ref Manual ARMv7-a and ARMv7-R edition" the
CPSR encoding for Monitor mode is 0b10110 (22) not 0b11010 (26) as is
currently used.
Change-Id: I73373a0029a81abc92febf518b88bf0dd4dec1fa
Signed-off-by: Spencer Oliver <spen@spen-soft.co.uk>
Reviewed-on: http://openocd.zylin.com/2081
Reviewed-by: Jörg Wunsch <openocd@uriah.heep.sax.de>
Tested-by: jenkins
Reviewed-by: Younes REGAIEG <y.regaieg@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Tim Sander <tim@krieglstein.org>
Reviewed-by: Freddie Chopin <freddie.chopin@gmail.com>
We already set cpsr in armv7m_build_reg_cache, so lets use it for all other
accesses to this field.
Change-Id: I19b3b21ecf1571bbea12e1be664845e6544f6fa1
Signed-off-by: Spencer Oliver <spen@spen-soft.co.uk>
Reviewed-on: http://openocd.zylin.com/1539
Tested-by: jenkins
To simplify things change over to using the generic core_mode struct rather
than maintaining a armv7m specific one.
Change-Id: Ibf32b785d896fef4f33307fabe0d8eb266f7086f
Signed-off-by: Spencer Oliver <spen@spen-soft.co.uk>
Reviewed-on: http://openocd.zylin.com/966
Tested-by: jenkins
Reviewed-by: Andreas Fritiofson <andreas.fritiofson@gmail.com>
Always scan out all bits, but make sure only the allowed number of bytes
end up in the caller-provided buffer. Discard the rest by adding another
scan field when size < 4.
Rewrite the endianness callback to avoid reading outside allocated memory.
Make it directly usable as a callback without the need for a wrapper. Move
the shared callback to a more suitable home in arm7_9_common.
This fixes the regressions introduced in commits
991ed5a2b6cb90d32e38
and
c3074f377c
Change-Id: Ia8bde8c5a9844e89a1d6c0bc8534cd26f02f8d11
Signed-off-by: Andreas Fritiofson <andreas.fritiofson@gmail.com>
Reviewed-on: http://openocd.zylin.com/789
Tested-by: jenkins
Reviewed-by: Spencer Oliver <spen@spen-soft.co.uk>
Reviewed-by: Freddie Chopin <freddie.chopin@gmail.com>
Nothing more than a name change, just to make reading
the code a bit simpler.
Change-Id: I73a16b7302b48ce07d9688162955aae71d11eb45
Signed-off-by: Spencer Oliver <spen@spen-soft.co.uk>
Reviewed-on: http://openocd.zylin.com/390
Tested-by: jenkins
Reviewed-by: Øyvind Harboe <oyvindharboe@gmail.com>
there are no comments about what the rules w.r.t. null pointers
are and it is inconsistent.
It's simply a bug in the app if we ask about the properties of a null
pointer w.r.t. what kind of target it is. It's equally wrong to say
that it is an arm target as that it isn't an arm target.
Change-Id: I0925a6a5c8b38e594ffa7c3ca4390487b5e9b718
Signed-off-by: Øyvind Harboe <oyvind.harboe@zylin.com>
Reviewed-on: http://openocd.zylin.com/168
Tested-by: jenkins
Reviewed-by: Andreas Fritiofson <andreas.fritiofson@gmail.com>
Get rid of needless and undesirable code duplication for
all the DAP commands (resolving a FIXME) ... there's no
need for coreas to have private copies of that stuff.
Stick a pointer to the DAP in "struct arm", letting common
code get to it.
Also rename the "swjdp_info" symbol; just call it "dap".
This is an overall code shrink.
Signed-off-by: David Brownell <dbrownell@users.sourceforge.net>
Move semihosting cmd to the arm cmd group.
Targets that support semihosting will setup the
setup_semihosting callback function.
Signed-off-by: Spencer Oliver <ntfreak@users.sourceforge.net>
Keep a handle to the PC in "struct arm", and use it.
This register is used a fair amount, so this is a net
minor code shrink (other than some line length fixes),
but mostly it's to make things more readable.
For XScale, fix a dodgy sequence while stepping. It
was initializing a variable to a non-NULL value, then
updating it to handle the step-over-active-breakpoint
case, and then later testing for non-NULL to see if
it should reverse that step-over-active logic. It
should have done like ARM7/ARM9 does: init to NULL.
Signed-off-by: David Brownell <dbrownell@users.sourceforge.net>
This sets up a few of the core "struct arm" data structures so they
can be used with ARMv7-M cores. Specifically, it:
- defines new ARM core_modes to match the microcontroller modes
(e.g. HANDLER not IRQ, and two types of thread mode);
- Establishes a new microcontroller "core_type", which can be
used to make sure v7-M (and v6-M) cores are handled right;
- adds "struct arm" to "struct armv7m" and arranges for the
target_to_armv7m() converter to use it;
- sets up the arm.core_cache and arm.cpsr values
- makes the Cortex-M3 code maintain arm.map and arm.core_mode.
This is currently set up as a parallel data structure, primarily to
minimize special cases for the semihosting support with microcontroller
profile cores.
Later patches can rip out the duplicative ARMv7-M support and start
reusing core ARM code.
Signed-off-by: David Brownell <dbrownell@users.sourceforge.net>
Make these ".h" files adopt the same policy the ".c" files already
follow: don't use <subsystem/...h> syntax for private interfaces.
If we ever get reviewed/supported "public" interfaces they should
come exclusively from some include/... directory; that'll be the
time to switch to <...> syntax for any subsystem's own interfaces.
Signed-off-by: David Brownell <dbrownell@users.sourceforge.net>
The exception being declarations for drivers. Those should
be split out in some clean way -- like driver add/remove calls
made by initialization code -- but that's for another day.
Signed-off-by: David Brownell <dbrownell@users.sourceforge.net>
Move most declarations in <target/armv4_5.h> to <target/arm.h>
and update users.
What's left in the older file is stuff that I think should be
removed ... the old register cache access stuff, which makes it
awkward to support microcontroller profile (Cortex-M) cores.
The armv4_5_run_algorithm() declaration was moved too, even
though it's not yet as generic as it probably ought to be.
Signed-off-by: David Brownell <dbrownell@users.sourceforge.net>
Tomas Vanek
Antonio Borneo
Tarek BOCHKATI
Liviu Ionescu
Omair Javaid
Matthias Welwarsky
Andreas Fritiofson
David Ung
Dongxue Zhang
Steven Stallion
Andreas Färber
Marc Schink
Linus Walleij
Paul Fertser
Tim Sander
Spencer Oliver
Hsiangkai Wang
Øyvind Harboe
David Brownell
Spencer Oliver